Symptoms of hemorrhoids may include:
Pain or discomfort in the anal area
Itching or irritation in the anus
Swelling or a lump around the anus
Bleeding during bowel movements
Mucus discharge from the anus
Inability to completely empty the bowels
Red flags that may indicate a more serious condition include:
Persistent or severe bleeding
Severe pain or discomfort
Changes in bowel habits
Fecal incontinence
Prolapse (protrusion) of the hemorrhoid outside the anus
Treatment for hemorrhoids typically depends on the severity and type of hemorrhoid.
Increasing fiber intake and drinking plenty of water to soften the stool and reduce constipation
Using over-the-counter creams, ointments, or suppositories that contain hydrocortisone or witch hazel to reduce swelling and itching
Taking sitz baths (soaking the affected area in warm water) several times a day to reduce pain and swelling
Using moist wipes or baby wipes instead of dry toilet paper to avoid further irritation
In severe cases or if symptoms do not improve with self-care measures, referral to a healthcare provider may be necessary. They may recommend medical treatments such as:
Rubber band ligation, in which a rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off circulation and cause it to shrink and fall off
Sclerotherapy, in which a chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it
Hemorrhoidectomy, in which the hemorrhoid is surgically removed
Prevention measures include maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle to avoid constipation, not straining during bowel movements, and avoiding sitting for long periods of time.
